Oils & Fats Adulteration - Chapter – 4 #

4.1.Check the presence of Mineral oils like kerosene oil, Paraffin oil and other petroleum product in eatable and Natural Hair oils. 

Test Method – 1:

Principle: 

The presence of Mineral oil is indicated by the development of turbidity when hot water is

added to a freshly made alcoholic solution of the soap formed by the oil.

·         Take 2 ml of oil sample and add an equal quality of N/2 Alcoholic Potash.

·         Heat in boiling water bath (dip in boiling water) for about 15 minutes and add 10 ml of water. Any turbidity shows the presence of Mineral oil more than 1 % w/w.

Test Method – 2: Holde’s Test

·         Take 25 ml of the alcoholic KOH solution in conical flask and add 1 ml of the sample of oil to be tested.

·         Boil on a water bath using an air or water cooled condenser till the solution becomes clear and no oily drops are found on the sides of the flask.

·         Take out the flask from the water bath, transfer the contents to a wide mouthed warm test tube and carefully add 25 ml of boiling distilled water along the sides of the test tube.

·         Keep on shaking the tube lightly from side to side during the addition.

·         The turbidity indicates presence of Mineral oil, the depth of turbidity depends on the percentage of mineral oil present.

Note: This method is not applicable on high content un-saponifiable value and below 1% content of Mineral oil.

Reference: A.O.A.C 17^th edition 2000, official method 945.102

4.2. Adulteration of Castor oil in Edible oils ....
>>Read More....>>>>>>.

Fem Biotika

A Division for Biotechnology

Commercially Important Medicinal & Ornamental Plant Tissue culture:

Fem Analytika micro-propagation department are engaged in tissue culture of banana, Aloe vera, Brahmi, Mandukparni, Shankhpuspi, Stevia and so much medicinal & Ornamental plants. Fem Analytika specializes in micro propagation of flowering, medicinal, temperate green foliages and horticultural products. for buy the plant, contact to Mr. Sachin @ 9899729784 or Mail to us - femanalytika@gmail.com

Job Internship cum Project Training: This program is specially designed for students who want to join Fem Analytika Team or any other research driven industry after completion of their degree program. This is a dual program in which students work with company for 4-6 months and parallel they complete their project work.

ADULTERATION IN SPICE (Spice Adulteration)

ADULTERATION IN SPICE - CHAPTER - 3 #

Read More

हिंदी में 

Common adulterants of Spices are dummy products, synthetic color, colored flours and saw dusts, Bricks and colored chalk powder.

3.1. Adulteration of Argemone seeds in Mustard black & Mustard Fine:

Detection Method:

•     Spread approx 10 gram of Mustard black or Fine mustard sample on a white paper.
•     Then separate out argemone seed as seen in picture from whole sample and verified with glass lens by care full observation as described in morphological characteristics of Argemone seed.
•     Morphological characteristic of  Argemone Maxicana -  Argemone seeds have roufh groves on upper surface and color is brown to blackish.

Health Effect of Argemone seeds:
The seeds resemble the seeds of Brassica nigra (mustard). As a result, mustard can
be adulterated by argemone seeds, rendering it poisonous. Argemone seeds contains toxic
chemicals, namely Sanguinarine and Dihydrosanguinarine. Consumption of adulterated
mustard seed (Brassica nigra) with argemone seed (Argemone mexicana) even for a short
duration leads to a clinical condition referred as.

- Epidemic dropsy.

- Oxidative stress and

- Death of red blood cells via met-hemoglobin formation by altering pyridine nucleotide(s) and glutathione redox potential. 

Reason to be Adulterated: 

Argemone seed is not deliberately added that should be come from agriculture land added but due to high labor charge and illiteracy that should not removed out by manufacture.

3.2. Detection of Lead Chromate as adulterant in Turmeric Whole:

About Lead Chromate: Lead(II) chromate is used in some pyrotechnic compositions, especially delay compositions, as an oxidizer. Up to the late 1800s it was used to impart a bright yellow color to some types of food materials.

Reason to be Adulterated: Lead Chromate is used for the Yellow brightness of Spices and other food materials.  Due to the artificial brightness the product looks like a good quality.

Detection Method: 

- Pour one spoon of turmeric powder in one  glass water.

- if yellow color observed within few second that means turmeric powder adulterated with Lead choromate (a Cole tar dye).

======Click to Read More==>>>

Bacopa Monnieri (Brahmi) Plant Tissue culture

"Plant Tissue culture 

Of 

Bacopa monnieri"

(Brahmi)

Steps-1- Treatment & Washing of Explants

• Select a healthy plant from field.
• And collect the shoot parts.
• Wash the shoots thoroughly with running tap water.
• Again wash with few drops of tween-20, thoroughly for removal of fungal or bacterial spores or 1% extran treatment for 10 to 15 min.
• Washed with DDW for 3 to 4 times.
• If treated with 1 % extran then followed by 1% Bavistin treatment for 20 to 30 minutes and again washed with DDW 5 times.
• Transfer the Explant in Pretreated Laminar flow compartment.

Steps-2- Laminar Air flow Treatment

·         1^st UV treatment of LAF- Vacant LAF properly rinsed by alcohol and kept 40- 60 min for U.V. Treatment.

·         2^nd U.V. Treatment- After 1^st U.V. treatment all the required equipment like scalpels, force, sissor, SDDW, petridish and media was surface rinse by alkohal and kept in to LAF for min.

Step-3- surface sterilization & Trimming of Ex-plant under LAF

• Surface sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 5 min followed by 4-5 times rinsing with double distilled water in Laminar air flow.
• Ex-plant was trimmed with the help of scalpel and forceps to remove the exposed part of the explants.

Step-4- Inoculation

·         Transfer the material over the flame with the help of forceps in MS media test tube or bottle.

·         Cover it with cap.

·         Seal it with tape and label the culture vessels with the name of the explants and dote of media preparation and date of inoculation.

Step-5- Transfer in culture Room and culture Room condition

·         Material thus inoculated is kept in the culture room (culture room at 25 ± 2  ͦC under 16 hrs light(1000 lux of light intensity and 8 hrs dark condition.

Step -6- sub culturing

·         After establishment of culture in the culture tubes they are aseptically transferred or inoculated in wide mouth bottles for further development.

Step-7- Hardening

·         After proper development of plantlets, they are transferred to Mist. Chamber/ green house/Shade house for hardening or acclimatization.

====Read More===>>>>