Determination of Medicinal Plant Chemicals by HPLC

Determination

of

Biological marker

in

Commercially Important Medicinal Plants

by

RP-HPLC

Determination of Biological Marker by HPLC

CHEMOPROFILING OR CHEMOTAXONOMY-

Definition-

It is the profiling of particular plant species according to their chemical constituents is called chemoprofiling or chemotaxonomy.The compound specific to that species (sterol, terpenoid, alkaloid, etc.) is characterized as a chemical marker. The medicinal utility of a particular plant species is related to the quantity of that marker compound present, thus this procedure allows selection of plants having merit for the desired chemical constituents.

. Using chemical fingerprinting, plants can be demarcated on the basis of their species, strain and geographical origin. Using chromatographic techniques like High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), a profile of their various chemical constituents is obtained. This is called chemoprofiling.

Aim of chemoprofiling:-

Study of medicinal properties and identify their active ingredients through chemical technique. Identify the best method of separation and find best quality of these plants having chemical ingredients are maximum in yield.

also identify the best germplasm according to their chemical constituents

MEDICINAL PLANTS- “A medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organ, contains substance that can be used for therapeutic purpose or which is a precursor for synthesis of useful drugs.” The plants that possess therapeutic properties or exert beneficial pharmacological effects on the animal body are generally designated as “Medicinal Plants”. Although there are no apparent morphological characteristics in the medicinal plants growing with them, yet they possess some special qualities or virtues that make them medicinally important. It has now been established that the plants which naturally synthesis and accumulate some secondary metabolites, like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, volatiles oils and contain minerals and vitamins.

Aromatic Plants:

An aromatic plant is valued for the naturally occurring essential oil in it. Different plants species posses’ different aroma chemicals and accordingly find their end use. The essential oil is extracted from the plant by steam/water distillation and packed in air-tight containers for storage and marketing. There is ready demand for the oils in large industrial houses that further refine these and packed in airtight containers for storage and marketing. There is ready demand for the oils in large industrial houses that further refine these and use in different formulations and finished products.

Alkaloid: - it is a nitrogen-containing naturally occurring compound, produced by a large variety of organisms, including fungi, plants, animals, and bacteria. Many alkaloids have pharmacological effects on humans and other animals. The name derives from the word alkaline; originally, the term was used to describe any nitrogen-containing base. Alkaloids are part of the group of natural products (also called secondary metabolites) and are chemical derivatives of amino acids or other nitrogen-containing compounds. Some alkaloids may have a bitter taste. Produced in dedicated biosynthetic pathways consisting of multiple enzyme -catalysed steps, such as prenylation, methylation/demethylation, and various oxidation/reduction reactions.. Many alkaloids can be purified from crude extracts by acid-base extraction. While many alkaloids are poisonous, some are used medicinally as analgesics (pain relievers) or anaesthetics, particularly morphine and codeine, and for other uses.

Physicochemical Properties of Alkaloids

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